Add Duval's Lyndon factorization algorithm

[vedant0517]

Description

Implements Duval's algorithm for Lyndon factorization and adds unit tests.

Related Issue

Closes #7638

Changes

• Added LyndonFactorization.factorize(String)
• Added JUnit tests for:
  • Repeated patterns
  • Single-character input
  • Empty input
  • Null input
• Added an algorithm reference in the source documentation.

Verification

The implementation was reviewed against the issue requirements and the repository contribution guidelines.

The implementation includes corresponding JUnit tests for the main functionality and edge cases.

Notes

This contribution adds a missing string algorithm to the repository using Duval's algorithm with O(n) time complexity and O(1) auxiliary working space, excluding the returned factors.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 82.18%. Comparing base (5eb9d66) to head (e5dc516).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #7639      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     82.18%   82.18%   -0.01%     
- Complexity     8363     8369       +6     
============================================
  Files           841      842       +1     
  Lines         26074    26093      +19     
  Branches       5086     5090       +4     
============================================
+ Hits          21429    21444      +15     
- Misses         3857     3858       +1     
- Partials        788      791       +3     

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[alxkm]

Looks good. Thank you for the contribution.